Sentence examples for vitro challenge model from inspiring English sources

An in vitro challenge model using a bovine mammary epithelial cell culture with components of Staphylococcus aureus, a common mastitis-pathogen, found an increase in gene expression of proteins with antibacterial properties in the presence of IL-17A and IL-17 F, and expression was increased in the presence of TNFα [ 45], another candidate gene associated with AMIR and CMIR in the present study.

This approach provides a convenient basis for analysis of the genetic variation in host pathogen interaction using in vitro challenge models.

The in vitro allergen challenge model system was used in this study to evaluate the molecular effects of cPLA2α inhibition in PBMCs.

The value as a tool for evaluating the antitumor efficacy in vitro as well as in experimental tumor challenge model in vivo has been tested.

To translate the in vitro findings that apo-SAA modulates steroid responsiveness, we utilized an in vivo allergic sensitization and antigen challenge model.

Paragraphs 3, 4, and 5 of the Discussion describe the limitations of the current in vitro and ex vivo models of Typhi replication, as well as results on Salmonella Typhimurium fitness estimates in a murine challenge model that showed reduced fitness of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains.

In a rat glucagon challenge model, it was shown to reduce the glucagon-elicited glucose excursion in a dose-dependent manner and at a concentration consistent with its rat in vitro potency.

mouse challenge model (Fig. 2).

The challenge model was previously described.

The parasitemia peak observed toward day 10 was due to the second in vitro challenge.

Elevated transcription of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, CCL5, CXCL2 and KC have been observed in both murine anthrax challenge models and in vitro macrophages and monocytic cell lines exposed to anthrax antigens [ 26- 30].