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Histological examination of the in vitro brain tissues exposed to US did not show gross tissue damage at any of the conditions studied.
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However, experimental paradigms to efficiently assess new anti-Parkinsonian drugs and treatments using in vitro brain tissue, during neuronal activity, are lacking.
Recent studies demonstrated that DRP1 S616 phosphorylation and mt fragmentation are significantly increased in S-nitrosocystein-treated primary cortical neurons in vitro, as well as in amyloid-β-treated primary hippocampal neurons in vitro and in brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease.
Utena and Ezoe (1951) [ 27] reported decreased glucose consumption in vitro in cortical brain tissues sampled from patients with SCZ who underwent prefrontal leukotomy.
This may be the reason for the observed inhibition of AChE activity in both in vitro and in vivo mouse brain tissues which consistent with the earlier reports [ 26, 27].
In the study, we first demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in BK-induced MMP-9 expression in cultured brain astrocytes (in vitro) and animal brain tissue (in vivo) models.
To further consolidate these findings and to compare the differences in binding of PIB in human versus tg mouse brain, they performed in vivo, ex vivo and post-mortem in vitro studies with brain tissue from PS1/APP tg mice [ 34].
Moreover, we validated in-vitro findings, in brain tissue from TAp73 null mice.
By using these potential alpha-synuclein up-regulators, we have identified an SNCA CpG island that controls in vitro alpha-synuclein expression, and then analyzed postmortem brain tissues to find PD-specific SNCA promoter demethylation in the substantia nigra.
Brain tissues can then be analysed directly using in vitro electrophysiological techniques normally only possible on animal brain tissue.
Because the microenvironment of in vitro cultured cells is substantially different from that of the living brain tissues, the value of cell models is limited.
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