Beyond these contributions, BPb was significantly associated with poorer fine motor and visual motor function but was unrelated to gross motor coordination.
Nonlinear lead response is also found in child studies with math and vocabulary scores (Kordas et al. 2006) and fine motor and visual motor function (Wasserman et al. 2000), as well as many others.
These rotarod results are reminiscent of the poorer fine motor control, visual motor function, and postural balance found in children, adolescents, and young adults with low-to-moderate developmental lead exposure (Baghurst et al. 1995; Bhattacharya et al. 1990, 2006; Ris et al. 2004; Wasserman et al. 2000; Winneke et al. 1990).
Conclusions: Modest associations between early lead exposure and fine motor and visual motor functioning appear even after statistical adjustment is done for other contributors to motor development.
The Depressed-SLE patients performed more poorly on measures of verbal learning, visual motor functions, and visuomotor speed compared to the Depressed-Controls.
Two separate cross-sectional studies of Bangladeshi children, one in 10-year-old children (Wasserman et al. 2004) and the second in 6-year-old children (Wasserman et al. 2007), find deficits in visual motor functioning associated with As exposure.
The effects of Cd seemed to extend to other areas of the brain, namely, the anterior part of the nucleus glomerulosus (NGa; Figure 2c) of the diencephalic pretectal region that is involved, via mesencephalic circuits, with the regulation of visual motor functions in teleosts (Kaslin and Panula 2001).
Massengale et al. demonstrated that visual perception, visual function (specifically those with ocular motor function, stereo depth, field of vision, binocular vision, and far visual acuity), and cognition have a significant impact on EPW driving performance [ 20].
To describe the clinical and oculographic characteristics of a cohort of five patients with congenital nystagmus (CN) and late-onset oscillopsia caused by a coincidental decline in other visual and/or ocular motor functions.
The harmful effects of low-level lead exposure on the development of cognitive, auditory, and visual-motor functions in children are well documented, but few studies have focused on the effects of low-level lead exposure specifically on retinal and visual functions.
Regardless of age, certain domains of function may be more sensitive to mercury toxicities, including memory (Freire et al. 2010; Oken et al. 2005; Weil et al. 2005), verbal or language skills (Freire et al. 2010; Lederman et al. 2008; Oken et al. 2008), and visual-motor functions (Oken et al. 2008; Surkan et al. 2009).
