This paper describes the decisions behind the design principles used and how the logarithmic progression of sizes led to the development of the logMAR designation of visual acuity and the improved sensitivity gained from letter-by-letter scoring.
(Attention has been focused on visual imagery — hence the designation 'pictorial'; though of course there may be imagery in other modalities — auditory, olfactory, etc. — as well. See O'Callaghan 2007 for discussion of auditory imagery).
The prepared agar plates were incubated 48 h to allow colony formation, and the presence or absence of growth (Boolean designation) was manually determined by visual inspection.
This initial designation was based on a visual inspection of maps depicting the pipe distribution network in the immediate vicinity of the maternal address at the time of the birth.
For example, the Hudson Valley is one of only two regions in New York containing Scenic Areas of Statewide Significance under state and federal coastal management law--designations that reflect the historic and visual importance of these resources and provide regulatory protections for them.
"The designation of an image is a kind of visual shorthand, the equivalent of a 'keyword,'" said Martha Rosler -- a New York-based artist and author of "In, around, and afterthoughts (on documentary photography)" -- of Dorothea Lange's "Migrant Mother".
Borrowed from the visual arts and literature, the term is meaningful primarily as a chronological designation.
However, interpretation of PET relies mainly on qualitative visual analysis, i.e. positive or negative; therefore, the reproducibility of the response designation may be compromised especially when only minimal residual uptake is present.
"Massport's ambitious plans for expanded use of the Hanscom Field civilian airport, already the second busiest in takeoffs and landings in all of New England, are threatening the park and the surrounding sites with increased ground and air traffic, noise and visual intrusion," Wendy Nicholas, director of the northeast office of the national trust, said in announcing the designation.
The gift prompted the designation of a single classroom for showing the drawings and other works, but as enthusiasm built for the visual arts at this small college, the classroom gave way to a museum, opened in 1986 as part of the Olin Arts Center, financed by a gift from the F. W. Olin Foundation in New York.
