An average visitation rate (visit per flower per minute) was calculated across the 6 crop watch locations of each field for each survey round.
In contrast with temperate orchids, the flowering seasons of many species of epiphytic orchids last from 2 to 3 months (4 months for D. pulcherrima), which may result in a high total number of visits, although the visitation rate may be low.
After each census, we counted the total number of simultaneously opened flowers in each plot to calculate the visitation rate as visits per flower per 30 min. We analysed both the initial and final seed set and the seed predation data using a generalized linear model (GLM) that included the factors of bract treatment (water removal and control), site and their interaction.
Conservatively assuming that we had missed half of the visitations in that study leads to an estimated visitation rate of ∼3.8 different males visiting each female on average, which is very close to the visitation rate observed in the High male-availability treatment in the present study (3.5±0.5).
Visitation rate was calculated as the number of visits per flower per hour.
As we expected higher visitation rates on the island with no exotic predators, the high rate of male visits to this nest increased our estimate of total visitation rate, such that the removal of this outlier makes our test of higher visitation rates in the absence of exotic predators more conservative.
The pollination effectiveness of honeybees relative to non-Apis pollinators varies widely across plant species10,26, possibly related to variation in selfing capacity, honeybee visitation rate, and also to the extensive reduction in wild pollinators visits because of beekeeping activity.
Making the assumption that all Cdc20 molecules passing by the kinetochore are inhibited, they show that direct inhibition cannot maintain an anaphase delay because of the disparity between Cdc20 visitation rate and cytoplasmic reactivation rate molecules get reactivated quicker than they can visit the kinetochore.
Glove use had no impact on capture efficiency or visitation rate.
Visitation rate, abundance and species richness increased with the amount of natural area surrounding farms.
Gender and weight of captured individuals were used to determine their potential impacts on capture efficiency and visitation rate.
