Resources required to provide the LEAP2 intervention were recorded by the research team and via an audit of GP visits for intervention and control families.
However, over two years, the number of emergency department visits reduced by a smaller amount for intervention patients than for matched controls, leading to a relative 20% increase in emergency department visits for intervention patients.
Equipoise was demonstrated for type of intervention (spinal manipulation or brief light massage) and dose (number of visits for interventions) in this study of LBP and our previous study of cervicogenic headache [ 14].
The higher expenditure per visit for the intervention group (column 2) reflects higher competence and subsequently higher wages for staff involved in reablement compared with staff involved in usual care.
The pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program was conducted by a physiotherapist (who delivered RT to the participant over a minimum of 1 h per visit) for the intervention group, whereas the control group received routine health education provided by physiotherapists.
Factors associated with delayed BCG vaccination (vaccination after 1 month of age) were assessed in the 2010-birth cohort and after implementation of monthly visits separately for intervention and control regions in 2012/2013.
Participant time related to the interventions (time spent traveling to study visits, at study visits, and for intervention-related calls) was greater for lifestyle and metformin than for placebo.
The mean gestational age at last antenatal care visit was higher for intervention women than for control; both were however below the recommendation of last visit after gestational week 36.
Because all routine assessment visits for the intervention and control groups occurred at the main clinic site, all women were offered assistance with transportation and supervised child care services were made available at the site.
