The blue dye method is an inexpensive, rapid and visible technique, easy to handle and represents no radiobiological hazards.
In contrast, the x-ray technique described in this paper has spatial resolution that is comparable to visible light techniques (μm-level), and high-speed x-ray imaging is possible as well.
For visible watermarking techniques, robustness and translucence are generally required; but they are unfortunately conflicted with each other.
Both confocal microscopy and OCT are visible light techniques and therefore are limited by light transmission.
More importantly, none of these visible light techniques have demonstrated the ability to measure intra-heart flow patterns in animals with millimeter-centimeter-scale body size.
However, the spatial resolutions (156 μm with a slice thickness of 500 μm) are still not comparable to synchrotron x-ray phase contrast imaging or visible light techniques.
Compared to visible light techniques, x-ray imaging has the advantage of high penetration and can be used for opaque samples.
By using ACOCOA with game-theoretic architecture, we can easily find the best parameters for visible watermarking technique.
Figure 6 demonstrates the complete flow diagram of the game-theoretic architecture design for two players--encoder vs. attacker for the visible watermarking technique.
