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A clinical diagnosis of severe malnutrition was defined as either visible severe wasting or Kwashiokor.
The presence of lymphadenopathy, candidiasis, nuchal rigidity, visible severe wasting, and edematous malnutrition were noted following standard guidelines [ 75].
Mid Upper Arm circumference (MUAC) < 12 cm, visible severe wasting and/or the presence of oedema (defining kwashiorkor) were used to pragmatically identify the malnourished children [ 21].
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was defined as any one of following variables: visible severe wasting, bilateral pedal edema, weight for height Z score of less than −3, or mid-upper arm circumference of less than 11.5 cm.
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is defined by a very low weight for height (below -3 z scores of the median WHO growth standards), by visible severe wasting, or by the presence of nutritional oedema.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood as a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) of below -3 of the median WHO growth standards, by visible severe wasting, or by the presence of nutritional edema (kwashiorkor).
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Congenital defects/malformations visible as severe anatomic deformities were recorded.
In addition, adolescents with greater dental neglect were significantly more likely to have visible caries, severe caries, and more filled teeth.
While epilepsy is not expected to be of higher incidence in rural versus urban areas, the observed relationship is likely due to a combination of epilepsy being relatively easy to diagnose during outpatient consultations, and lower utilization for other less-visible or severe mental health conditions.
Since Lasix was introduced in New York in 1995, severe, visible bleeding has been reduced by 76 percent.
The mice chosen for these analyses had a severe visible phenotype in the first induction within a short period, but surprisingly exhibited a more localized phenotype in the second induction only after an extended period of induction (4 7 months).
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