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Indeed, separating the viscous bitumen from granular elements and transforming it into petroleum products amounts to one of the most energy- and capital-intensive methods for extracting oil.
In these plants, the viscous bitumen is separated from the sand, converted into crude oil and pumped away to distant refineries.
Canadian oil sands — mixtures of sand or clay, water and extremely heavy, viscous bitumen crude oil — hold more than 170 billion barrels of recoverable oil, in volume terms second only to the reserves of Saudi Arabia.
Heating was necessary to mobilize the viscous bitumen (50 Pa s at 20°C).
In contrast to production of highly viscous bitumen from deep oil sands by steam injection, lower viscosity crude oil is often recovered by water injection and produced as a mixture of oil and water.
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The more viscous bitumens generally vary from 80 to 85 percent carbon and from 8 to 11 percent hydrogen.
These books sneakily teach words such as "viscous" and "bitumen", while delighting wobbly-legged early readers with their rousing bounce and swing.
These oil reserves are asphaltic, dense, and highly viscous, with bitumen being more dense and viscous than heavy oil (Saniere et al. 2004).
In Canada, tapping tar sands deep underground consumes half a barrel of water for every barrel of bitumen (viscous oil) produced, according to the Alberta government.
If the viscous mixture of bitumen and oil in the pipeline spills on her land, she asks, "Who's going to eat my beef?
The viscous component of bitumen is increased and the viscous response is prolonged by the UVAs.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com