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The cell to cell movement of viruses is a complex and dynamic process which involves functional contribution from many proteins of viral and host origin [2].
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Recent studies have revealed that the high pathogenicity of H5N1 virus is a complex phenotype dependent on both the virus and the host [24], [41].
Understanding the molecular architectures of enveloped and complex viruses is a challenging frontier in structural biology.
The causative agent, African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a complex DNA virus of the genus Asfivirus within the Asfarviridae family.
Development of an effective vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a complex task owing to the variability of this RNA virus.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a complex retrovirus that progressively deteriorates the immune system of infected patients, eventually causing death.
The clearance of hepatitis B virus
Triple infection with HBV, HCV and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a complex clinical scenario, due to the interaction of HBV and HCV, and the impact of HIV on the immune system.
The observations described here, along with several previous ones, suggest that interpandemic evolution of influenza virus is a highly complex, multifaceted process in which reassortment, as observed in the emergence of Fujian-like viruses [ 8, 9], played an important role.
However, infection by influenza A/H1N1 virus is a very complex illness that involves not only the association of environmental factors and the genetic make-up and biology of the individual per se, but also the presence of co-morbidities that may contribute to a greater severity of the illness [ 4, 5].
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex zoonosis that is highly virulent in humans.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com