Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the separation of the RBD matches the mouse population history, i.e. the pro-virus divergence would have occurred after the separation of the populations.
Viral epidemiological studies therefore provide opportunities to monitor the global spread of HIV, tracking routes of infection and analyzing patterns of virus' genetic divergence [9].
Many aspects of PPRV evolution, such as ancestral virus location, divergence and time of origin, and historical and geographic patterns of spread, are poorly understood (10 ).
Data on the subtypes of HIV in a population help in predicting the potential foci of epidemic, tracking the routes of infection and following the patterns of the virus' genetic divergence.
Knowledge of HIV-1 subtypes can therefore be used to understand the foci of HIV infection, routes of its spread, as well as the patterns of the virus' genetic divergence [ 1- 3].
Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains have only 50% overall amino acid homology to human influenza C viruses, a divergence similar to that described between influenza A and B viruses (Hause et al., 2013).
In contrast, 2008 isolates were antigenically divergent when compared to 2007 viruses; indicating highly antigenic divergence between viruses isolated at close time points (Table 2).
The much smaller monkey:human population ratio (700,000 28,000,000) (12 ) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia) and the more restricted mobility of monkeys could have limited the virus genome sequence divergence, leading to conservation of the sylvatic virus genome sequence.
