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L. acidophilus NCFM strongly induced expression of interferon (IFN -β, other vIFN -βefence genes, and cytother and chemokine genes related to the innate and the adaptivirusmune response.
No clusters of terms related to immune responses (such as immune response, response to virus, defence response, etc)., were enriched amongst the up-regulated genes that exhibited at least a 1.5 fold change in expression.
A gene set enrichment analysis of GO terms, however, only revealed that genes related to virus defence were significantly higher up-regulated after stimulation of DC with L. acidophilus NCFM compared to stimulation with B. bifidum Z9 or both bacteria in combination.
Actually, the analysis of eHwalsbyiGI1 genes yielded an impressive arsenal of putative virus defence mechanisms.
AGO proteins play important roles in virus defence as core element of RISC.
Studies have shown that DNA methylation plays an important role in many plant processes, including transposon silencing, virus defence, and gene imprinting [ 5- 7].
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DICER protein, encoded by the DICER1 gene, has many functions, including virus and transposon defence, chromatin regulation, centromere integrity and most notably, control of gene expression as part of the microRNA (miRNA) pathway (Murchison and Hannon, 2004).
No genetic data are available on viruses or antiviral defence for most animal phyla.
A transcript encoding the 52 kDa Ro protein was one of several TRIM/RING finger genes highly induced at 2 and 4 wpi, supporting the role of this multi-gene family in early virus recognition and host defence [ 10].
RNA viruses commonly have a high rate of genetic mutation, by which the viruses escape from host defence and evolve into novel viral strains.
Messenger destruction is specific because 21 letters of code are nearly always enough to identify the instructions for one type of protein over another.The most probable explanation for RNAi is that it evolved as a defence against viruses.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com