This "lack of efficient respiratory droplet transmission suggests that additional virus adaptation in mammals may be required to reach the high-transmissible phenotypes observed with seasonal H1N1 or the 1918 pandemic virus," they concluded.
Here we review recent progress in the understanding of quasispecies dynamics, notably the occurrence of intra-mutant spectrum interactions, and implications of fitness landscapes for virus adaptation and de-adaptation.
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a dynamic process during which viral genetic variants continuously develop as a result of the virus adaptation to the host's immune system.
Moreover, the host cell response to virus infection in Vero cells with respect to their deficiency in interferon (IFN) production and the need for virus adaptation to optimize productivity of this cell line were analyzed.
Virus adaptation was performed in a maximum containment biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) of the SRC VB "Vector", Koltsovo, Russia.
This may allow additional opportunities for H5N1 virus adaptation to human-to-human transmission posing potentially new threats to public health.
The PB2 protein is one of the most relevant viral determinants for avian virus adaptation to human cells [21], [22] and adaptation of an avian virus to mice involves alteration of PB2 interaction with α-importins [17].
The reduced respiratory droplet transmission suggests that additional virus adaptation in mammals may be required to reach the high-transmissible phenotypes observed with seasonal H1N1 or the 1918 pandemic virus [9], [14].
A series of mutation signatures in PB2 have been identified that accompany avian virus adaptation [26], some of which are located close to the NLS-containing domain in the primary sequence (for example A674T, K702R) (Fig. 8B).
