But, for the rest, a virulent distrust of competition and selection has led to overcrowded amphitheatres, an oversupply of philosophy and sociology students and high drop-out rates.
The lexA3 strain was fully virulent in a competition assay (Table 5).
Experimental colonization studies confirmed the increased survival of the more virulent S. pneumoniae type during competition.
Variation in final frequencies of virulent isolates in the field competition experiments were analysed by means of Analysis of Deviance, based on a logistic regression (GENMOD procedure; SAS).
Moreover, in vivo competition between pneumococci carrying PPI-1v derivatives representing the two identified versions of the region showed that the version of PPI-1v in the highly virulent isolates was more competitive than the version from the less virulent isolates in the nasopharyngeal tissue, blood and lungs.
Eviction represents a virulent behavioral strategy to eliminate costly competition with nestmates [4], [5], [6].
Modeling of interspecies interaction predicts that these more virulent S. pneumoniae will prevail during competition with H. influenzae, even if production of a capsule is otherwise costly.
Changes in (arcsine-transformed) frequency of virulent isolates in the climate chamber competition experiment were analysed by means of a repeated measure ANOVA, using the MIXED procedure of SAS statistical software [ 68].
Competition for limited resources even amongst closely related individuals will lead to winners and losers and within hosts this is likely to favour not only parasites that act to rapidly exploit hosts (and thereby the more virulent strains) but also virulence polymorphisms [14].
Parasite heterogeneity may not have effected virulence or the infection dynamics either because the most virulent strain outcompeted the others, or because the interaction involved scramble competition that was impervious to parasite heterogeneity.
In modern history's cardinal disaster, virulent nationalism combined with failed diplomacy and great power competition to ignite two catastrophic world wars within 25 years, in turn precipitating a nuclear arms race between America and the Soviet Union.
