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Versatility of the genome of pneumococci and the bacteria's polygenic virulence capabilities show that a multifaceted approach with many vaccine antigens, antibiotic combinations, and immunoadjuvant therapies will be needed to control this microbe.
Here, we tested this hypothesis utilizing several in vitro and in vivo approaches to examine a potential role for the ColV plasmid in the colonization, fitness, and virulence capabilities of S. Kentucky strains in chickens.
The acquired genes provide new characteristics, which either aid in host adaptation and persistence or enhance virulence capabilities [ 12– 15].
Misconceptions concerning the role of mycoplasmas in disease pathogenesis can be directly attributed to their biological subtleties and to fundamental deficits in understanding their virulence capabilities.
As previously stated, whether this association is caused by greater neonatal exposure as a result of environmental factors or particular virulence capabilities remains uncertain (5 ).
Molecular characterization of the 37 representative H9N2 viruses showed that they possess multiple genomic markers that facilitate host switching from birds to humans and affect the pathogenesis and virulence capabilities of these viruses (Supplementary Table S3).
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The vacAs1 and vacAm1 bearing H. pylori strains have been associated with increased virulence capability and higher gastric epithelial damage and ulceration than s2 and m2 strains [ 31].
Comparative genomics indicated that the virulence genes of the core chromosome are highly conserved in the sequenced strains, and thus are likely to provide S. pyogenes with its basal virulence capability.
Magnesium transporter was discovered to be under positive selection in strain MTB1, which is known to inhibit the T3SS, hence attenuating the virulence capability and also in transporting magnesium [ 97].
In pathogenic bacteria in general, such islands are typically associated with significant augmentation in virulence capability [ 53], and the H. pylori cag pathogenicity island is a key determinant of increased potential to cause more severe pathology including gastric ulcers and cancer [ 54].
The close regulation of these two genes may be relevant to the virulence and persistence capabilities of the closely related strains that lead to the different clinical outcomes.
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