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The book tells the story left out by the clean, cosmopolitan, and virtuous history I was familiar with.
On a mild afternoon a few days before the recent Israeli elections, I sat down at a small cafe in South Tel Aviv with Sharon Rotbard, the dissident Israeli architect whose book White City, Black City: Architecture and War in Tel Aviv and Jaffa, just published in English, tells the story left out by the clean, cosmopolitan and virtuous history I was familiar with.
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But it's tricky to frame Schreker as a virtuous victim of history.
For Robespierre, the Revolution exists outside the virtuous revolutionaries, outside history, as a transcendent shimmering ideal to be served; anyone can be an enemy of the revolution, and it is possible for the enemies to outnumber the revolutionaries.
As highlighted in the framework, history demonstrates virtuous as well as vicious circles.
Fasanella witnessed such events, but his image is still a Preston Sturgescapist escapist fantasy, a positive-thinking, virtuous view of the past; history not as it was but as it could have been, should have been.
And such is the purest validation of the metaphysical worth of stuff — decluttering is virtuous, sure, but ridding ourselves of material histories can feel like dismantling our own skeletons, bone by bone.
Nevertheless, Mazower's history is not a straightforward celebration of virtuous internationalists and the – relatively speaking – kinder, gentler world they have created: an achievement now recognised in the EU's Nobel peace prize.
Everything else seems to emphasize virtuous feelings rather than real successes, promoting activism over understanding history.
An empirically rooted approach has a long history: Vitruvius devises his normative account of the virtuous architect on the basis of his familiarity with then-contemporary practice.
The Book of Mormon purports to be the history of two tribes of Israel — the fair-skinned, virtuous Nephites and the dark-skinned, conniving Lamanites.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com