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But a closer look at this middle class reveals a glaring structural weakness in this virtuous growth cycle.
Family business foundations are increasingly becoming the strategic space to ensure the persistence of the family over time and to identify a route to build their own myth and their virtuous growth.
Inclusive growth matters because it can start a virtuous growth circle.
The U.S. now seems to be entering a virtuous growth cycle just because we didn't follow the advice of the confidence fairies.
The economy in general, but especially the job market, has never reliably achieved "escape velocity," i.e., consistently high enough growth rates that would set off the virtuous growth cycle of more jobs leading to more incomes, more consumption, which feeds back into greater demand, more jobs, etc.
What makes me think this is really a virtuous growth cycle, rather than another early-in-the-year spurt that might die later is that the nation's inventories are lean and well managed -- meaning there are no headwinds from excess inventories.
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The problem facing Brazil and its reëlected President is that this virtuous circle (growth underpinning poverty reduction and investment in human capital, which, in turn, boosts the country's long-term growth potential) has broken down.
In a Kaldorian virtuous cycle, G.D.P. growth spurs productivity growth, which, in turn, spurs G.D.P. growth.
He said that by cutting the state, he wanted to create a "virtuous circle" of growth and confidence.
She knew that no government regulation was a substitute for the virtuous cycle of growth that starts when individuals pull themselves up by their bootstraps and become employers.
The causality between development and women's liberation runs both ways; the trick is to turn the vicious cycle of poverty into a virtuous wheel of growth.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com