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Unlike clays, sands may exist in a virgin condition, but at different initial void ratios.
In virgin condition, a coal seam is nearly uniformly stressed by the dead weight of the overlying strata.
One of these beams was tested in its virgin condition to serve as reference, while the remaining five beams were tested after being strengthened using carbon fibre wrap, strip or grids.
In the virgin condition, the deformation during TMF is very localized and concentrated to twin bands which extend over the complete cross-section of the specimen; at the interception of these bands, the material is prone to recrystallization.
The deformation and damage mechanisms arising during thermal mechanical fatigue (TMF) of the single-crystal superalloy CMSX-4 have been investigated, both in the virgin condition and after long-term exposure at 1000 °C.
The magnetisation of the conductor (and from this the coupling loss expressed in nτ) and the interstrand resistance (Rc) between various strands and strand bundles inside the cable can be measured along the loading history, starting at virgin condition and accordingly subjected to various loads.
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Four stages are considered in this model, representing the ground in virgin conditions, after mining the tailgate entries, after completion of headgates, and after mining the longwall panel.
Likewise, at 16.5dpc expressionssinn in the Elf5+/− mammary gland had only increased by 13.69 fold (with respect to the virgin wildtype condition), whereas in the pregnant wildtype mammary gland at this stage, Elf5 expression was increased by 49.08 fold (p<0.001).
There was no PVT analysis at virgin reservoir conditions.
A three-dimensional scatter plot mapping the experimental conditions by the first three principal components showed that the Elf5+/+ conditions are separated based upon whether they originated from a pregnant animal or not i.e. the virgin Elf5+/+ condition was placed alone, whereas the 4 conditions representing pregnant Elf5+/+ animals were clustered together.
Such improvements were achieved irrespective of casting size, runner geometry and alloy condition (virgin vs. recycled) as long as melt flowed faster.
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