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We investigated viral sensitivity to CM TRIM5α and showed that the CM TRIM5α-sensitive viruses had proline (P) at position 119 of CA in the ROD strain or at position 120 in the GH123 strain, while the CM TRIM5α-resistant viruses had either alanine (A) or glutamine (Q) at the same position (Figs. 3 and 6).
By comparing a sensitive strain with a resistant one, Ashe et al. revealed that viral sensitivity was caused by a mutation in the gene encoding DRH-1.
Thus, the G28A mutant replicated significantly better than WT Jc1 HCV in the setting of reduced miR-122 bioavailability, suggesting that this nucleotide of the HCV genome influences viral sensitivity to miR-122 concentration.
Cell lines were tested for viral sensitivity to G207 and their ability to support viral replication using standard cytotoxicity and viral replication assays.
Initial serum p24 antigen levels were not predictive of subsequent emergence of resistant virus, but at the time of sampling for viral sensitivity higher p24 antigen levels were associated with raised IC50 (p = 0.004).
To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that the net positive charge of a neutralization epitope regulates viral sensitivity to humoral immunity.
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We found that reduction in the net positive charge of V3 caused reduction in viral neutralization sensitivity to the blood anti-V3 antibodies in infected humans (Fig. 2).
Alternatively, a potential difference in the Env density on the viruses used in the two different systems may account for the discrepancy in viral AH sensitivity, as has been reported [41], [42].
The results may imply that V3 basic substitutions at particular positions in addition to the overall net positive charge play a critical role in the determination of viral neutralization sensitivity and coreceptor tropism.
For model bacterial and viral pathogens, sensitivity in 10% human serum was found to be 10 bacterial cells/mL and 10 virus particles/mL, consistent with clinical utility.
Although for many years virus isolation was the gold standard method to diagnose respiratory virus infections, molecular methods have demonstrated superior viral detection sensitivity.
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