Sentence examples for viral dispersal from inspiring English sources

HIV-1 mutates and recombines at extremely high rates, and the rapid generation of genetic diversity makes it possible to study the dynamics of evolutionary changes over time and to trace patterns of viral dispersal in HIV-1 epidemics [4], [5].

We proposed that this zooplankton-driven process can potentially boost viral dispersal over wide oceanic scales and enhance bloom termination.

Yet, little is known about mechanisms influencing viral dispersal in aquatic systems, enabling the rapid infection and demise of vast phytoplankton blooms.

We also observed the great genetic diversity of OROV, the description of a new genotype IV, the complex dynamics of evolution, and viral dispersal.

In addition, to investigate the temporal dynamics of viral dispersal from the 3 locations in the evolutionary history of DENV-4, we estimated the Markov jump density from these locations through time.

The notion of viral dispersal via animal vectors commonly observed in terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. ), can be therefore extrapolated to aquatic systems, and likely to be extended to other marine groups of both vectors and viruses (or other types of parasites).

Moreover, further advective processes often entail little internal mixing or create confined water bodies, thus constraining viral particle dispersal.

In this phylodynamic study, we investigated the spatiotemporal modes of dispersal, viral demographic trends, and effectiveness of vaccines for CDV.

Because of the short viral excretion duration, however, dispersal efficiency of HP H5N1 AIV was limited, and only a small amount of the viruses or none at all, spread directly from the Camargue to breeding sites in Northern Europe and Scandinavia (Figure 4A).

The inference of divergence events presented facilitated a better understanding of historical divergence of PPRV and offered further opportunities to study viral demographic history and dispersal events.

Current patterns of global HCV diversity could be due to a single ancestral zoonotic transmission to archaic humans prior to their global dispersal, with subsequent viral diversification in isolated populations.