Violent conflict poses a significant threat to pastoral livelihoods which are already under pressure from recurrent drought, diseases and political marginalisation.
Pakistan, a country where female literacy hovers at 40percentt, has been working to improve its education system, but violent extremism poses a clear threat to progress in the region.
In the video, there is no sign of their having been violent or posing a threat.
Enlisting in such a violent enterprise posed a difficult decision for a young man of his moral feeling and religious aspirations.
The beer hall's landlord, Ricky Steinberg, had argued that "a significant number of peaceful and/or violent demonstrators" posed a serious security risk, the Süddeutsche Zeitung reported, and that other guests would suffer unnecessary "discomfort, inconvenience and worry".
Violent conflicts pose a challenge to human civilisations, human health and health systems [ 1- 3].
It is possible to use handcuffs to detain a shoplifter if they become violent and pose a real threat to the safety of the store staff and customers.
But in Pakistan, initiatives to counter-violent extremism pose a difficulty when the subject starts to question the legitimacy of the program.
That study was itself called into question a year later, when Craig Anderson and colleagues published a meta-analysis arguing that playing violent video games poses a causal risk for aggressive behaviour.
We will, however, relentlessly confront violent extremists who pose a grave threat to our security.
