Houleye Diawara, 23, a social work graduate employed at Intersos's gender-based violence drop-in centre, says Nafissa's family need material help, counselling, medical care and protection.
In 2007 and 2008, violence dropped dramatically.
As the levels of violence dropped over time, such discoveries became rare.
Work hours increased, literacy and numeracy rose, and the level of interpersonal violence dropped.
During this time period "youth violence dropped precipitously", the researchers write, "despite maintaining very high levels of media violence in society with the introduction of videogames".
In Colombia's capital, violence dropped from 80 murders per 100,000 at the height of the violence to just 16 per 100,000 in 2012.
They suggest that with violence dropping in Iraq, bringing the troops home would risk erasing the fragile gains that have been made.
Some Los Angeles officials go further, blaming the city's inattention in the late 1990's, when gang violence dropped sharply while the economy was booming.
"Still," she said, "in terms of Sing Sing, which houses the more violent population, violence dropped by more than 30percentt from 1999 to 2000".
There were immediate and angry calls for revenge from Shiites, a display of sectarian tensions that had been ebbing as the overall violence dropped in Iraq.
