His chief rival on the issue (and on many other issues) was Felix Frankfurter, who advocated a substantive view of due process based on "natural law" - if a challenged action did not "shock the conscience" of the jurist, or violate British concepts of fairness, Frankfurter would find no violation of due process of law.
But it is nevertheless coming up with one proposal after another that seems, to an outsider, to violate basic concepts of civil liberty.
On Thursday, Republicans tried to get around that limit with a multitude of "motions to suspend the rules," which violate the concept of cloture and could keep debate going even after a supermajority votes to move on.
Dr. Hale's lawyer, Michael J. Gaynor, said the board's action "violates all concepts of fairness".
For Wahhab, visiting gravesites, even those of the Prophet and his companions, violated the concept of tawhid.
"It totally violates the concept of prior permission," said Reid Stott, the editor of a Web log called PhotoDude.
In a civil case involving a program that decrypts DVD's, the publisher of an online magazine argued that the Digital Millennium Copyright Act was unconstitutional because it violated the concept of fair use.
There was emerging in England a group of religious idealists who derived their spiritual authority from a source that stood higher than the crown and who thereby violated the concept of the organic society and endangered the very existence of the Tudor paternalistic monarchy.
She goes on to say that "in the absence of criteria that can enable us to know just when dignity is violated, the concept remains hopelessly vague" and that it "means no more than respect for persons or their autonomy".
"If they read the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it says 'all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights' -- not 'are fertilized eggs.' They violate the whole concept of civil and human rights when they appropriate something and apply it in a way its not meant to be applied".
The heirs of Carl Jung, by inserting their comments in the text of Deirdre Bair's published biography, violate the most rudimentary concepts of intellectual and literary freedom.
