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Less vigorous dispersion techniques were ineffective.
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In commercial practice, hydrogenation is usually carried out with vigorous agitation or hydrogen dispersion with a narrow range of catalyst concentration (about 0.05 to 0.10 percent of finely divided nickel suspended on kieselguhr, or diatomaceous earth) in a steel pressure-reaction vessel.
The CNTs aqueous solution was added into Ti4+-precursor solution with stirring and vigorous ultrasonication for complete dispersion.
Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 7.75 mL, 35 mmol) was added under vigorous stirring and the dispersion was stirred for 2.5 h.
The reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 h under vigorous stirring until TANI/Fe3O4 dispersion was obtained.
As-prepared SF nanoparticles (m(GO)/m SF) = 2, 5, 7, 10 %) were added into the above dispersion with vigorous stirring for 12 h.
Carboxyl groups were introduced into the water-based PU (wPU), and various NaCl (0.025 0.25 M) and dyes (10 µm) were added into the resultant ionic wPU (iwPU) dispersion under vigorous stirring for 0.5 h.
In the presence of excess calcium, pellets appeared granular and fluffy to the eye, while the excess of phosphate produced gelatinous, grayish pellets that appeared more clumpy and resistant to dispersion even by vigorous shaking.
The nHAp suspension was then added to the chitosan solution in the ratio of 4 : 6 wt% (CS : nHA) under vigorous stirring to obtain a uniform dispersion of hydroxyapatite in the solution mixture.
The AuNR dispersions are added to a relatively highly concentrated protein solution (10 mg/mL) at pH 7 under vigorous stirring and sonication (BSA solution/NP dispersions, 3 1 v/v).
C60 fullerene is not soluble in water and dispersion usually requires organic solvents, sonication or vigorous mechanical mixing.
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