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Certain 'stress-related behaviors' such as autopreening, body shaking, scratching and vigilance have been suggested to indicate an individual's emotional state.
Note that authors of previous studies on primate social vigilance have used various definitions and terms for scanning and monitoring.
Previous studies of age and sex differences in mammalian antipredator vigilance have reported conflicting results, even though predation is generally a major source of mortality for juveniles of most species within the taxon (e.g., Rongstrad 1965; Ozgul et al. 2006; Borrego et al. 2008).
If so, then these fluctuations were subtle enough not to manifest clinically, although subliminal variations in arousal (or the related phenomenon of vigilance) have long been believed to be responsible for fluctuations in performance measures like reaction time (Lansing et al., 1959).
Although the terms sustained attention, alertness and vigilance have been used in slightly different ways, one useful proposal has been to consider these functions as part of a system controlling the intensity of attention, rather than its selectivity (Posner and Boies, 1971; van Zomeren and Brouwer, 1994).
Although an increase in heart rate and improved vigilance have been observed experimentally following chewing gum [ 9], heart rate was not affected by chewing gum during the workday, suggesting sympathetic arousal may only be relevant for short-term effects of chewing gum.
Similar(54)
Public vigilance has been urged.
Such vigilance has helped, they think.
Only this court's vigilance has".
That degree of vigilance has not always been in effect.
All that alert vigilance has cultivated a genuine pleasure in simply observing.
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