Exact(4)
The court said the union infringed on the free speech rights of the nonmembers by not giving them the chance to prevent the use of their dues to support expressions of political views unrelated to collective bargaining.
The Court agreed and held that any objecting teacher could prevent the Unions spending a part of their required service fees to contribute to political candidates and to express political views unrelated to its duties as exclusive bargaining representative. Id., at 234.
In Abood v. Detroit Bd. of Ed., 431 U. S. 209 (1977), the Court held that nonunion public employees have a First Amendment right to prevent a union's spending a part of their compulsory fees on contributions to political candidates or on "express[ions of] political views unrelated to [the union's] duties as exclusive bargaining representative". Id., at 234.
In 2010, club-sponsored Republican Sharron Angle became widely known for a host of extreme views unrelated to economic issues, and ultimately lost races to extremely vulnerable Democrats.
Similar(56)
The significantly increased ICU LOS, which was observed in the intervention group, may be a coincidence or reflect unmeasured case-mix factors but is, in our view, unrelated to the glucose measurement strategy.
The control group (n=55) viewed an unrelated film.
But simultaneously, in a development that until recently many scientists viewed as unrelated, humans were becoming smarter.
The failure point, in their view, was unrelated to the performance of the sensor.
However, the proposed alternative of providing tax tables was viewed as unrelated to households' actual purchase patterns.
If this were also the case for the attentional learning that we have induced, then we might conjecture that when rewards are viewed as unrelated to performance only the first – automatic – association is formed, and only the overall contingencies between stimulus representations and rewards will be learned.
This fact explains the especially low coverage values for some terms in the Molecular Function category, which put together proteins with related biochemical properties even if their functions are, from a biological point of view, totally unrelated.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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