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The view institutionalized by animal research oversight committees is that almost any valid research objective justifies sacrificing even the most fundamental interests of non-human animals (Francione 1995).
In contrast, the view institutionalized by human subjects research oversight committees is that humans have a moral status which provides them with substantial moral protections, including a very stringent prohibition on harmful research without informed consent.
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In their view, it has become institutionalized.
Mr. Barofsky wrote that the government's bailout of Citigroup in 2008 institutionalized the view among investors that large financial companies still enjoyed an implicit government guarantee that they were "too big to fail".
Re Michael Kimmelman's Critic's Notebook on art museum buildings (Arts pages, Feb. 5): Institutionalized art viewing aims to isolate the work, to place it in a neutral stage.
In reality, I have come around to the view that science institutionalizes the need to challenge your strongest convictions with rigorous thought, which is one reason it constantly chases the New and is now, arguably, a much more interesting avant-garde than, say, art.
The shaman, the wise woman and similar figures all represent institutionalized outlets for alternative points of view.
I think it speaks pretty well to M.I.T.'s view on new companies, and it's completely institutionalized.
In a society where gays faced routine discrimination and could be institutionalized or jailed for sodomy, many psychiatrists viewed sexual conversion therapy as a humane alternative.
"Five of the young people" among the family members now living on the island "have been institutionalized," Ms. Monks said, sweeping her hand across the magnificent view.
Recent regulation and the GFC have significantly transformed and institutionalized the hedge fund industry and imply that many views about the industry have to be updated.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com