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The value-laden selection of framework assumptions need not lead to a vicious circle of reasoning, because it is still left up to the evidence to determine how successful the assumptions are in explaining the phenomena of interest.
The assumption is of widespread malevolence and vicious intent, of a horde of people out to trap and torture the unwary.
But they are the only way out of what is beginning to appear to be a vicious cycle: more and more testing finding more and more cancer, with the assumption of benefit.
As far as I can tell, the Semichorus blog starts from the assumption that the paper, its reporters (and its editor) are corrupt, vicious or just too feeble-minded to know they're being played.
Both scenarios threaten to plunge the country into a vicious cycle as each attempt to placate one side alienates the other, eroding the assumption of shared interests underpinning Britain's unitary state.
More vicious?
"It was just vicious, vicious.
Very vicious.
Vicious strike!
Even vicious.
"Nothing vicious".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com