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Scientists have attempted to excavate corpses in frozen graves in Alaska and Siberia that contain the remains of smallpox victims, however none of the bodies contained viable viruses.
The possibility of producing viable viruses lacking antigenic site A may find application in the design of new anti-FMD vaccines.
In all cases, the mutations gave rise to viable viruses, but the plaque phenotypes in HeLa cells were significantly smaller than for wild-type virus.
Except where indicated, the loxP-flanked BAC/eGFP cassette was removed from viable viruses by passage through 3T3-CRE cells.
However, when the distance between the ITR and ψ is increased up to 271 nucleotides, fully viable viruses are produced [18].
Quasispecies theory predicts that RNA viral populations are robust to the effect of mutation, and that many of the mutations in viable viruses do not code for amino acid changes [27].
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In this way, the limited production of viable virus would facilitate subsequent targeting by the immune response.
The reported method utilizes our recently developed personal bioaerosol sampler capable of monitoring viable virus concentration in the ambient air.
The vials will then be destroyed, and if they contain viable virus the World Health Organization (WHO) will be invited to oversee the destruction.
Viable virus was recovered following transfection of mammalian cells, expressing T7 RNA polymerase, with 10 plasmid constructs representing the cloned BTV-1 genome.
"We do not yet have sufficient information to assess the risk of transmission through sexual intercourse, oral sex, or other sex acts from men with viable virus in their semen," the authors from Sierra Leone and the World Health Organization (WHO) wrote.
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