A wall thickness of 6 mm has been proposed as a cut-off to differentiate between non-viable and viable segments.
Total number, and the number of viable, non-viable and germinating pollen grains, were determined as described by Pressman et al. (1998) and detailed below.
Theo Prudon, the president of Docomomo U.S., which concerns itself with the conservation of modern architecture, said, "For a building like this to be viable -- viable both philosophically and, frankly, economically -- it has to have an airline use".
Maximum viable cell concentration, viable cell yield and viable cell productivity obtained were significantly different (P < 0.05) at both with and without pH control conditions.
Viable cell yield and viable cell productivity obtained were significantly different (P < 0.05) at all of the three feeding rate studied.
Viable cell yield and viable cell productivity obtained in the culture with resin were 8.5 times and 8.6 times higher, respectively, than that obtained in the culture without resin.
Furthermore, viable cell yield and viable cell productivity obtained in the culture without pH control were also 8.9 times and 8.0 times respectively, higher than that obtained in the culture with pH control.
This method allows the specific detection of viable and cultivable and viable but non-cultivable (VBNC) bacteria.
After washing in PBS, the cell suspension was diluted 1∶1 with 0.4% trypan blue solution (Sigma Aldrich), and viable and non-viable cells were counted using the hemocytometer chamber under an inverted microscope.
Viable CECs (vCECs) and viable CEPs (vCEPs) were counted using five-colour flow cytometry.
Boundaries between the SC/viable epidermis and viable epidermis/dermis are evident in marked images of skin cross-sections (Fig. 2a).
