By sequestering dysfunctional organelles, proteins and membranes into double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes, which later fuse with lysosomes, cells generate energy and remain viable and complete their life cycle (Kimura et al., 2007; Srinivas et al., 2009b; Yang and Klionsky, 2009).
Laparoscopic examination of the small bowel showed hyperaemic, viable intestine and complete repair of the vault defect.
A treatment with 7.5 mA or 10 mA resulted in a complete kill of all viable bacteria and complete disinfection (Fig. 2, p<0.05 compared to log10 CFU values at the cathode and implants with no current applied).
The absolute size of viable, necrotic and complete tissue areas was measured on the full scans using MiraxViewer software (Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany).
In addition to the skin being fully viable and in its complete physiological environment, our study adds three important levels of complexity to current knowledge derived from previous in vitro experiments: (a) a fully functional circulatory system, (b) a fully functioning immune system, and (c) physiological flexing and movement of the skin.
After the final wash, viable parasites (complete and translucent cystic structures) were counted using a binocular microscope.
The homozygous Sod1 n108 mutants are viable and show a nearly complete loss of all Cu Zn SOD activity (d.f.=8, P<0.001 compared with wild-type, and d.f.=8, P<0.001 compared with Sod1 n108/TM3; Figure 8).
A mixture of 500 non-viable oncospheres of each tapeworm and complete Freund's adjuvant was injected subcutaneously in four groups of Sprague-Dawley rats or ICR mice one to four times at an interval of 1 week; controls were not immunized.
We hypothesized that cell-seeded patches implanted into sheep pulmonary artery would undergo progressive and complete healing into a viable structure well integrated with the arterial wall.
The significant down-regulation of these genes from stage E-L 15 to stage E-L 27 in the wild-type implies that they were highly induced at stage E-L 15, where they exhibited maximum expression levels, perhaps to ensure viable and functional pollen development for complete fertilization.
In addition, prominin-1 deficient mice, which are viable and fertile, display blindness due to complete degeneration of mature photoreceptors [26].
