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Although the use of a colposcopy based gold standard is likely to overestimate the accuracy of visual methods (VIA and VILI) and underestimate HPV testing's accuracy, 56 57 the effect of QUADAS-2 items regarding the reference test (imperfect gold standard bias, incorporation bias, and masking towards index test) on screening tests' accuracy could not be assessed.
Visual methods (VIA and VILI) involved examination of the cervix with the naked eye (without magnification) using a focus lamp or a torch light.
It was noted that VIA methods could discriminate between infiltrates designated as identical using direct visual methods, both in terms of offering a continuous scale and providing qualitative information regarding the cell distribution.
Objective To assess and compare the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as alternative standalone methods for primary cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa.
Local artists have responded with various visual methods of thinking about the problem.
(via Visual Economics).
Via Visual News.
Via Visual News. 5 Oscar-Nominated Directors, One Supercut.
VIA: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid or Lugol's Iodine.
WAT in model hydrocarbon systems by visual method under high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions was estimated via the PVT-measuring (pressure, volume, temperature) system.
Use a visual method to represent your progress.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com