The Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) specification has been developed to standardize user-level network interfaces that provide low-latency, high-bandwidth communications.
Hoxa1 has been previously described to regulate segmental patterning of hindbrain compartments and their neural crest derivatives in the head periphery via specification of segment-specific cell fates (Lufkin et al., 1991; Mark et al., 1993; Carpenter et al., 1993).
This article focuses on temporal regulation of transcription during early lymphocyte development reaching from lineage priming and formation of a permissive epigenetic landscape in multipotent progenitors, via specification associated with the activation of the B-lymphoid program, to commitment where all other cell fates are abolished and the cell is stably assigned to the B-lineage pathway.
As a consequence, the FDA has ensured product quality via tight specifications based on the observed properties of clinical and/or technical batches and by limiting the changes that can be made within manufacturing processes (7).
This reformulation of test cases allows for relating test cases via refinement to specifications and programs.
This paper describes how a design approach based on specifications via XML is used to unify the implementation layers of a problem solving environment WBCSim.
The design space is held within specifications via a control strategy, which is defined as "a planned set of controls, derived from current product and process understanding that ensures process performance and product quality" (9).
This supports the notion that RPS10B acts at least partly via meristem establishment itself, and not only via the specification of leaf adaxial fate, which is a prerequisite for axillary meristem initiation in Arabidopsis [ 5, 7, 8, 16].
Besides the fixed effects element, the multilevel model provides extensive options to account for statistical uncertainty via the specification of random effects.
Our approach is validated via the specification and design of a human machine interface used in the supervision of a land-based transport system (bus/tramway).
