The veterinary infrastructure is extensive, as there are currently 145 Zootechnical and Veterinary Centers, 43 vaccination sites, and 19 livestock markets in the Far North Region.
The veterinary infrastructure is thinly spread over a wide area as there are currently 144 Centres Zootechniques et de Contrôle de Sante Vétérinaire (CSV) in the far north region (>34,000 km2).
So let's get back to basics -- how much would it cost to build the essential, foundational public health and veterinary infrastructure that would enable all countries of the world to prevent, detect, and respond to disease outbreaks?
Interestingly Cameroon has a very extensive veterinary infrastructure with 88 centres in the Adamawa alone.
Inadequate veterinary infrastructure and diagnostic capacity, exacerbated by the civil war in 1991 2002, however, has prevented confirmation.
Finally, because fewer resources are available for the veterinary infrastructure and reporting mechanisms than for the public health system, animal cases are probably underreported.
Many of the affected countries have a weak veterinary infrastructure and are facing highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks for the first time.
However, it can be realistically assumed that continuous viral circulation could hardly have gone undetected in Germany, while the lack of veterinary infrastructure in Myanmar is such that the true level of virus circulation is difficult to assess.
In addition, lack of prophylactic vaccination and veterinary infrastructure to handle outbreaks on a large scale greatly contribute to the frequent occurrence of the disease and make control of FMD extremely challenging.
The veterinary infrastructure for FMD disease surveillance and also the outbreak reporting system, which have not been efficient because of things such as financial constraints and difficulty accessing some regions, has improved considerably since the 1990s.
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have had to make structural adjustments to their veterinary infrastructure and the services they provide which leaves farmers and herdsmen without the support needed to introduce exotic genetic stock.
