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The development of a tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessel substitute has been the "holy grail" for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Thirdly, when a tissue-engineered blood vessel substitute is implanted into a host, a variety of biological responses will take place.
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The generation of tissue-engineered blood vessel substitutes remains an ongoing challenge for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
As a result, cardiovascular biomaterials research has been motivated to develop tissue-engineered blood vessel substitutes.
The search for vessel substitutes to replace small-/medium-caliber vessels is an ongoing concern for vascular surgeons.
Our laboratory has developed the self-assembly approach to produce tissue sheets that can be rolled into such vessel substitutes.
Key challenges associated with the outcomes of vascular grafting (for example, to fully vascularize engineered tissues and promptly regenerate blood vessel substitutes) remain unsolved.
It is suggested that the integration of CP-pDNA nanoparticles with loadings of multiple plasmids into fibrous scaffolds should provide clinical relevance for therapeutic vascularization, getting fully vascularized in engineered tissues and regeneration of blood vessel substitutes.
The development of a biomimetic surface which is able to promote endothelialization is fundamental in the research for blood vessel substitutes to overcome the formation of thrombi or hyperplasia.
Finally, although the long-term goal must be the engineering of blood vessel substitutes for clinical application, a more realistic short-term goal for tissue engineering is to develop more physiologic models for use in basic vascular biology in vitro studies.
The tensile strength, strain at failure and suture retention strength were higher than those of the human femoral artery, and the burst pressure and radial compliance were in the same range as the human saphenous vein, indicating potential as blood vessel substitutes for transplantation in vivo.
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