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Let us inject this medicine in the center of a blood flow in the form of micron-size bubbles or droplets and they travel over the vessel cross section as a result of diffusion or floating-up.
From measured vessel diameters and centerline blood flow velocity, apparent wall shear stress was calculated, assuming a parabolic flow velocity profile over the vessel cross section.
Then, absolute flow can be calculated by integrating the absolute velocity vectors over the vessel cross section.
The average blood flow velocity over each indicated vessel cross section is then displayed as a function of time in the associated panels in Fig. 8.
Normal blood flow inside relatively large blood vessels is not uniform at the vessel cross section and has a parabolic distribution with the maximum value at the center of the vessel and slower towards the vessel wall.
A higher fluctuation is however visible and comes from the smaller time sampling and the fact that the average is calculated over less spatial sampling points of the vessel cross section.
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We have already fabricated the vessel model with circular vessel cross sections by using a reflow process with the patterned photoresist [19].
The number of CD31+ vessel cross sections in organotypic human skin cultures was found to be increased in response to PACAP-38 application without evidence of mast cell degranulation [126], whereas PACAP-38-induced dermal edema was abolished in c-kit mutant mice that are deficient in mast cells [122].
Primo-vessel and lymphatic vessel cross sections were treated with anti-LYVE1 polyclonal antibody (green) or isotype control polyclonal antibody and were observed with fluorescence confocal microscopy.
Among the 13 embryos assessed for each group, there were no detectable differences in muscle cell layer width between wild type and palladin null embryos in vessel cross sections.
There was a significant increase in the proportion of blood vessels in SMARKO adult testes compared to controls (Figure 7E); this appeared to be due to an increase in average blood vessel size (data not shown, p = 0.09) rather than any changes in the number of blood vessel cross sections per testis (data not shown, p = 0.8).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com