This pattern of vesicles relocation is in agreement with previous characterization of mechanisms that facilitate secretion of active heparanase [24].
While the vesicles relocate to the gametocyte surface at approximately 5 min p.a., when the parasite starts to round up, such relocation cannot be seen in the mature schizonts prior to rupture.
The formation of encystment vesicles (positive for ENO) occurred at the same time with Rab11 relocation from the plasma membrane to these vesicles, and it was until later times that F-actin was observed colocalizing with ENO+/Rab11+ vesicles; this last observation suggests that the transport of vesicles could be through F-actin during cyst differentiation.
In accordance with the delay in the rupture of the EM we see a relocation of the PPLP2-positive vesicles to the gametocyte periphery at approximately 5 min p.a., when PVM breakdown had already occurred.
Relocation to the invadosome may occur in vesicles (or exosomes).
TSPO localization in plant cells is complex, involving a relocation of the protein from ER and vesicles to chloroplasts during salt-stress.
Further analysis of genes (eg. spo14 +, spo20 +) that encode putative components of vesicle-trafficking pathways will be required to decipher the relocation mechanism of Psy1 and Mfc1 during the "switching-on" of de novo membrane formation at the FSM.
These components included site-1 protease (S1P), a soluble luminal protease, site-2 protease (S2P), a membrane-associated metalloprotease, SAR1, a small GTPase involved in the formation of prebudding complexes for COPII-mediated relocation of cargo from the ER to the Golgi, and SEC12, a COPII vesicle element [ 5, 24].
Since the Golgi apparatus is considered a locus of biomolecule manufacture, the relocation of the Golgi to the distal hyphal tip during hyphal formation means that post-Golgi secretory vesicles do not need to undergo long-distance transport from the cell body to the growing apical tip.
"Relocation is the last option.
