A very well defined optimum partition of the two catalysts is predicted and found in excellent agreement with the typical optimum determined from pilot plant experiments, and further implemented in commercial plants.
Numerical examples show that the QUEUE strategy approximates the off-line optimum very well.
Thus, the proposed hybrid gradient-based algorithm converges to local optimum very fast with minimum computational demand.
However, the parameters for hydrogen treatment that are considered the optimum – very long anneals under low hydrogen concentrations – are often undesirable for practical reasons.
If, on the other hand, the step width is too large and the peak of the optimum very narrow, the algorithm might never reach the top because most of the steps are too large.
In high Pav, the outage performance of the PFPPC scheme is very close to optimum (POHPA), thus here we plot the performance of the computationally efficient PFPPC scheme instead of POHPA.
The achievements may serve as an important guide for selecting the reasonable processing parameters of splitting spinning based on different aluminum alloys, and are very significant for optimum design and precision control of the splitting spinning process.
The initial results are very promising where optimum solution for large scaled problem can be obtained in seconds and the daily shipment planning can be updated dynamically whenever it is necessary.
However, correct estimation of pressure loss of non-Newtonian fluids in oil well drilling operations is very important for optimum design of piping system and minimizing the power consumption.
Figure 10 shows battery capacity for the two methods, it can be seen that the battery for classical method is undersized for tilted angle less than 60° but still not very far from optimum size given by GA method, and oversized for tilted angle between 60° and 90°.
Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4) or simply CZTS is one of the promising absorber materials in thin-film solar cell because of its excellent material properties for obtaining high efficiency such as direct bandgap (1.45 eV) [3], which is very close to optimum bandgap for solar energy conversion, high absorption coefficients (>104 cm−1) [4], etc.
