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CES is measured by asking a single question: "How much effort did you personally have to put forth to handle your request?" It is scored on a scale from 1 (very low effort) to 5 (very high effort).
Finding the optimal solution analytically in closed form does not seem feasible, numerical solutions are possible with very low effort.
Then, we add up all the points and divide by 7. The maximum score on the scale is 4 (very high effort and diligence) and the lowest score on the scale is 1 (very low effort and diligence).
We follow Duckworth et al. (2007) and combine answers to these question and derive a scale of "effort and diligence", where the maximum score is 4 (very high effort and diligence) and the lowest score is 1 (very low effort and diligence).
In Table 6, we compare youths who are in the bottom quartile of the effort scale (have very low effort) with youths who have higher levels of effort and youths who are in the bottom quartile of external locus of control with those in higher quartiles of the same index.
Note: Canadian and Japanese research cruise data are not included due to either very low effort (< 50 km of netting) or different mesh sizes.
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The participants were asked, "How much mental effort they invested while learning using the applets?," and rated their subjectively experienced mental effort on a nine-point rating scale ranging from 1 "very very low mental effort" to 9 "very very high mental effort".
Answer options range from (1) "very, very low mental effort" to (9) "very, very high mental effort".
The mental effort invested in the learning activities and the post-test was evaluated after each of the tasks with a nine-point subjective rating scale ranging from 1, which represented very, very low mental effort to 9, which represented very, very high mental effort.
The general solution can be obtained with very low numerical effort.
It requires fewer grid points to reach the global optimum at relatively very low computational effort.
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