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Empirical evidence documents that R&D networks among vertically related firms are very common.
The framework highlights the strategic potency of controlling a proprietary standard in a vertically related market.
This article develops the literature by casting the analysis in the context of a vertically related industry, where both downstream firms and their upstream suppliers can form horizontal R&D networks.
Microsoft succeeded by leveraging installed user bases across vertically related markets, from Windows to IE. To date, little or no attention has been paid to the leveraging installed user bases.
Inclusion of these non-plant sequences into the phylogeny should then place horizontally transmitted sequences within the plant clan, while vertically related sequences should form a distinct clan outside the whole plant family in unrooted phylogenies.
Go for sites that are horizontally and vertically related to your site.
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It is known that genes which evolve vertically between closely related species can be divided into those that retain homologous chromosomal positions (positional orthologs) and those that do not [ 31].
From the perspective of developmental studies, the finding of vertically oriented clonally related neurons has inspired the concept of ontogenetic columns, which (in the primate) constitute ensembles of on the order of 10 neurons each (Rakic 1988).
If sequences with close homology to specific land plant sub-clades would exist outside the plant lineage (e.g. because they were transmitted horizontally) and be present in GenBank, similarity searches (such as BLAST) should identify them more readily than more distantly related vertically inherited sequences and they should be among the most similar hits.
This paper proposes a memristive switching mechanism of an individual vertically aligned carbon nanotube related to the formation and subsequent redistribution of non-uniform elastic strain and piezoelectric charge in the nanotube under the influence of an external electric field.
We were also interested in whether the self-reported significance of cooperative benefits to farmers is related to vertically integrated structures.
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