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Vertical straps in SGA are found to be transversely shared by horizontal straps at the buckling position.
In each group (GFRP or CFRP wrapped) of columns, one column did not have any vertical straps, one had vertical straps made of one layer of wrapping material and one column had vertical straps made of three layers of wrapping material.
Based on testing the columns it can be concluded that considerable gain in strength and ductility are obtained when reinforcing the columns with CFRP (vertical straps and horizontally wrapped).
The lack of difference in strap pressure in the two strap orientation conditions was in contrast to the previous study of Bowles and Steele [5] that reported higher strap pressures in cross-back orientated straps compared to vertical straps [5].
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The standard width strap design in the cross-back orientation (left) and the wide strap design in the vertical strap orientation (right).
The bra strap discomfort scores (p ≤ 0.001; Table 1) were significantly less in the vertical strap orientation (0.9 ± 1.2 VAS score) compared to the cross-back strap orientation (1.9 ± 2.1 VAS score).
Bra strap discomfort was not significantly different in any condition and bra strap pressure was only reduced with the addition of the cushioned pad in the cross-back orientation, which had higher pressures than in the vertical strap orientation, both with and without the cushioned pad.
The vertical strap orientation was the most preferred orientation by 70% of participants with reports of 'feelings of less pressure on the trapezius muscle'strapsaps did not pull on their shoulder blades' and 'feelings of superior comfort' compared to the cross-back orientation.
Three beams are tested with various edge configurations that include wrapping the edge region with vertical composite straps and special forms of the adhesive layer at its edge.
A vertical bra strap orientation appears to be more suitable for women with large breasts due to the significantly lower strap discomfort and the preference for this orientation compared to the cross-back strap orientation.
Although the mean static and dynamic mean peak pressure data were not significantly lower in the vertical bra strap orientation compared to the cross-back orientation, participants consistently reported that the vertical orientation did not 'dig in' or 'create pressure or tension on the trapezius muscle' compared to the cross-back orientation.
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