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are related as follows: Stored in the agent's word bank, the vertical relation between the language and the context component shown in "Conceptual view of interfaces and components" reappears as a horizontal relation between proplets within token lines.
The vertical relation (relationship of incisors) was measured by direct inspection: one of three separate relationships was recorded in normal, anterior open bite, and overbite.
In our case such a vertical relation does not exist, however we will keep the label "vertical" for the sake of exposition.
Similarly, and in addition to the diagonal relationship there is an obvious vertical relation between elements of the same column of the periodical table (groups) which have the same number of valence electrons and similar (more or less) chemical properties.
The correspondence (similarity) between earth's having a moon and Mars' having moons is a horizontal relation; the causal relation between having a moon and supporting life is a vertical relation within the source domain (with the possibility of a distinct such relation existing in the target as well).
Building on expectancy theory and equity theory, we argue that innovation incentives enhance absorptive capacity through promoting employees learning; and the effectiveness of incentives is positively moderated by teamwork (i.e., horizontal relation) but negatively moderated by transformational leadership (i.e., vertical relation).
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(b) Incremental change to vertical relations during crisis.
Our analysis reveals that private incentives to form R&D networks align with societal ones when vertical relations are non-exclusive, but may conflict when vertical relations are exclusive.
The horizontal relations in an analogy are the relations of similarity (and difference) in the mapping between domains, while the vertical relations are those between the objects, relations and properties within each domain.
However, the size in the vertical direction can be different because, depending on the choice of resolution, the vertical relations may be different than the horizontal ones.
In terms of policy, stricter antitrust regulation of exclusive vertical relations may, under certain conditions, be desirable from a social viewpoint.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com