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The site amplification factors between these two stations, calculated from the site-correct filters and observed spectral ratios, are quite similar for both horizontal and vertical records (Fig. 3b).
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Who wouldn't be tempted by a vertical record player?
This explains: 1 the vanishing of the primary on the VSP corridor stacks, due to vertical recording in zero offset VSP acquisition, and 2 the efficiency of the standard common-midpoint (CMP) stacking to suppress the multiple on the surface seismic sections because of normal moveout differences between primaries and long-path multiples within the far-offset regions of data gathers.
Vertical record sections with calculated travel times and ray diagram are shown for each OBS.
Fig. 9 Vertical record section, ray diagram, and estimated positions of velocity discontinuities.
(a, b) Vertical record sections obtained at OBS115 and OBS58 on line ODr9.
a Observed vertical record section, b observed section with calculated travel times, c ray diagram, and d synthetic seismogram calculated by E3D code (Larsen and Schultz 1995).
We interpreted the shallower reflector as the Moho discontinuity and the deeper one as a reflector in the uppermost mantle, 5 to 10 km below the Moho discontinuity. Figure 10 Vertical record sections and estimated position of a velocity discontinuity.
An extrapolation of the vertical record led to a maximum acceleration estimate of 2.2g for that site, and the unit was eventually replaced with a higher capacity digital device.
Seismic wave energy in surface layers is calculated based on vertical array records at four sites during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu earthquake by assuming vertical propagation of SH waves.
Vertical borehole records were used to eliminate near-surface effects.
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