In contrast to the temporary and limited nature of vertical partnership, the horizontal partnership transfers ownership and operating function to the joint venture permanently.
In a vertical partnership, a concession agreement or PPP contract assigns the responsibility of service delivery to the private sector over its entire life cycle (i.e., "design, build, finance and operate"), and transfers the service to public control at the end.
Chemdex, an early B2B player specializing in research materials for drug companies, announced last week that is was forming Ventro, a parent company that will create a series of vertical market partnerships.
At a global level, on the other side, new forms of vertical coordination, partnerships and alliances are emerging among heterogeneous stakeholders.
The holiday shop will also feature local deals, offers from national brands, travel experiences from the Groupon Getaways vertical (in partnership with Expedia) and charitable donation options through Groupon's G-Team for Social Good.
Figure 2 demonstrates the different structures of vertical and horizontal partnerships.
Capturing the full range of organizational configurations will be important moving forward as the market for biobank services is likely to increase in complexity, and possibly in the mixture of interrelated forms such as public-private partnerships, vertical and horizontal networks, and other types of out-sourcing or combined practices.
The overall observation period was limited to 2001 2012 since the beginning of the decade coincides with the "rapid-growth" period of DAH [ 14], as well as with the launch of, and Italian participation in selective, i.e. "vertical" global public-private partnerships.
In the database, 296 experiments (47%) involved some form of formally recognised partnership between actors at different governance levels, whether this is in terms of vertical governance (e.g. partnerships between local, regional and national governments) or horizontal (e.g. partnerships between governments, civil society organisations and private actors).
The idea is to build up verticals and then create partnerships that will let the company charge more for ads across its network of applications.
