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In this study, only the changes in the elevation at the LVDT locations were measured since the vertical measurements stated after the slabs hardened.
Before and after correction of the mandibular planes, the distance from the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest was measured at M1, M2, and M3 areas of the mandible and vertical measurements were statistically compared with those of 0-angle location using the paired t-test.
The second difference is that in ground survey different techniques and accuracies may be adopted for the horizontal and vertical measurements, the latter usually being more precise.
Figure 3 Cephalometric landmarks and lines for vertical measurements.
The precision of vertical measurements is up to 10 − 2 μ m.
Significant differences were found in all vertical measurements except Mic-ML (Table 3).
Similar(9)
For contact measurement, the vertical measurement range and resolution of the instrument are 1 mm and 10 nm, respectively.
The measurement for each sagittal and vertical measurement was performed with an electronic digital caliper (S225, Fowler, Boston, MA, USA) and measured to the nearest 0.1 mm.
This experimental study with 12 subjects investigated how backrest transmissibility varied with both the vertical measurement position and the magnitude of vibration.
The axle load should be more than 150 kN to ensure the vertical measurement for subgrade, and one span length (sleeper pitch) along the railway line can be the measurement unit.
The SBL (Figure 5c) was utilised to negate any possible contribution from growth, and a further vertical measurement from U6 to PP was done by transferring the PP from the T1 to T2 radiograph by regional maxillary superimposition as well.
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