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A strong vertical linkage between the central and the local governments, and more importantly, a nested structure for innovative policy practices were identified, where a top-down design is met with bottom-up innovation and proactive adoption of enabling mechanism.
Strategic contingencies and the vertical linkage (or external alignment) in terms of the congruence between organizational goals and a certain pattern of HRD, and.
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"Vertical Linkages and Scale in Global Environmental Governance", in Morin, Jean-Frédéric and Amandine Orsini, eds.
There are also vertical linkages between regional-scale GEO assessments and the global process which capitalize on deliberative processes contributing to these smaller-scale SPIs in the global assessment.
To meet the challenge of an unusual site, Peruzzi curved the facade to match the road, organizing the design of the structure for its site rather than according to prevailing principles of central focus and vertical linkages between floors.
This exercise is relevant because it aims at greater integration between the study of sectoral patterns of innovation in manufacturing and services, stressing the increasing importance of vertical linkages and inter-sectoral knowledge exchanges between these interrelated branches of the economy.
Findings indicate that for both cooperatives, innovation was predominantly spread through formal vertical linkages (i.e. between hierarchal representatives), but was significantly controlled by key actors in leadership positions, resulting in large disparities in the innovation potential of different cooperative members.
Vertical linkages.
While horizontal linkages are often facilitated through SSE programs, few programs include vertical linkages.
The value chain inclusion model discussed above has great potential in creating vertical linkages.
Vertical linkages may include buying, selling, or contracting arrangements throughout the chain.
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