These vertical initiatives have however been criticized as contributing to fragmented service delivery and heterogeneous coverage [ 3].
Indeed, Italy abstained from purely vertical initiatives until the fight against HIV/AIDS became a central issue at the start of the new millennium.
The plethora of new vertical initiatives may contain the seeds of its own failure if health systems are not generally strengthened (including the crucial human resources aspect) [ 20].
He's the leader behind the "Vertical Farming" initiative, which argues for the creation of high-rise agricultural structures that can grow and distribute food in urban areas.
Of the seventeen Regional Training Providers (RTPs) of general practice education in Australia, eleven identified they have undertaken vertical integration initiatives [ 21].
In the last decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in PHC in response to the rapid expansion in both government and international donor funding for vertical healthcare initiatives such as HIV/AIDS and child survival programmes [ 5, 6].
The research illustrates a very low and unstable official contribution that lags far behind internationally agreed upon objectives, a highly fragmented institutional scenario, and controversial political choices favouring "vertical" global initiatives undermining national health systems, and in contrast with Italian deep-rooted principles, traditional approaches and official guidelines.
But for tech giants, new verticals and initiatives are also longer-term decisions around margins and market scope.
The new capital will be used to expand sales and marketing and accelerate key vertical-market initiatives with strategic partners, Intelleflex says.
The rise of vertical, disease-specific initiatives appears to have complicated efforts to bring together partners under a common sector-wide strategy [ 10, 11, 19, 25, 47- 49].
