Sentence examples for vertical incidence from inspiring English sources

On the effect of the photon incident angle on the solar cell power, a reduction of as much as 16% is observed when the incident angle is reduced 3.8° from the vertical incidence.

Early on he developed an important theorem showing information on obliquely incident waves, can be obtained from those of vertical incidence (Martyn 1935).

Vertical incidence produces more ionization per unit volume than slant entry.

For vertical incidence rays, (theta =pi /2 - I).

These parameters can be derived from electron density profiles that are determined from vertical incidence ionograms.

Figure 10 Snapshots for subsurface motions at specific phases under vertical incidence.

These plots show the maximum P-wave anisotropy for near-vertical incidence waves (0° 30°), as well as upper hemisphere plots showing the P-wave velocity at all incidence angles for specified points in and around the reservoir.

Even though the OpenSWPC allows a non-vertical incidence angle to be set for the plane wave, note that artificial reflections may arise at both sides of the plane wave traveling in the absorbing boundaries with increasing plane-wave incidence angles.

Near-vertical incidence angles of SKS phases give good lateral resolution (i.e. 50 km, the radius of Fresnel zone at 150 km depth), since anisotropy is to be attributed to a steep ray path.

In addition to the vertical-incidence sounding data the measurements from the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar are used.

To overcome this problem, we use vertical-incidence VHF and MF radars located at Wakkanai in Hokkaido.