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Two scenarios of vertical handover are considered.
Figure 8 Behavior on vertical handover.
Figure 10 Network model for vertical handover.
Kassar et al.[19] surveyed vertical handover technologies and analyzed the essence of vertical handover.
Figure 4 Proposed TCP modification in response of vertical handover.
In the third step, a seamless vertical handover is executed.
Fig. 7 From WIFI to WIMAX vertical handover algorithm.
A vertical handover VHO scheme is presented based on cross-layer approach that enables vertical handover with less handover latency and signaling cost.
In addition, we analyze the delay based on signaling costs during vertical handover.
In this paper, we propose a cost-based vertical handover decision algorithm that triggers the Vertical Handover (VHO) based on a cost function for WWAN/WLAN integrated networks.
This switching process known as vertical handover requires the terminal to first measure various network metrics relevant to decide whether to trigger a vertical handover (VHO) or not.
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