Sentence examples for vertical dispersal from inspiring English sources

Variable buoyancy of propagules can change the vertical dispersal of a larva in the water column (e.g. [91]).

The apparent lack of vertical dispersal of D. dianthus larvae within geographic regions is surprising given the species' wide depth distribution.

However, if vertical dispersal is limited, then deep populations may not provide the anticipated source of propagules for recolonisation of impacted areas.

The lack of vertical dispersal of coral larvae will also affect the potential for recovery of deep-sea corals directly affected by anthropogenic impacts such as fishing and mining.

While those corals that currently exist in shallow water are likely to persist, the lack of vertical dispersal suggests those populations at depths >200 m are unlikely to find refuge in shallow water and may well be lost.

They are known to infect 20 30% of all grass species [5], forming systemic and asymptomatic infections throughout the aerial parts of the host plant, including the seeds, and thereby allowing vertical dispersal of the endophyte from one plant generation to another [6].

The apparent absence of vertical larval dispersal suggests deep populations of D. dianthus are unlikely to colonise shallow water as the aragonite saturation horizon rises and deep waters become uninhabitable.

Furthermore, corals from different depth strata (shallow <600 m, mid 1000 1500 m, deep >1500 m) even on the same or nearby seamounts were strongly differentiated, indicating limited vertical larval dispersal.

Our ecological niche models have not taken into account diel vertical migration, dispersal limitation and biotic interactions in the prediction of the potential realized niche of the six morphotypes [ 88].

In still further cases, among symbiotic mutualists, it is explained by vertical transmission (co-dispersal) (Ewald 1987) or partner discrimination (Noë 2001; Kiers et al. 2011; Archetti et al. 2011).

This scheme implies a 'vertical' dispersal of power above and below existing sovereign states, which are stripped of their centrality.